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April is Prevent Lyme in Dogs Month / Tick 411 4-15-08

Merial is reminding dog owners that April is Prevent Lyme in Dogs Month.

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by the bite of infected deer ticks. It is the most commonly reported vector borne disease among Americans and is a serious health concern for dogs, according to Merial.

April was chosen because dogs are at an increased risk for contracting borreliosis during spring and summer.

Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania have reported the highest number of borreliosis-positive dogs in the country, according to Merial, which says infected dogs have been reported in all 50 states. One reason may be that dogs with borreliosis are traveling with their owners and being tested in areas of the country that typically do not have ticks that transmit the bacteria, the company explained.

"Merial wants to work with veterinary professionals to raise awareness for situations that increase the risk of exposure to Lyme disease," said Dr. Andrew Eschner, senior technical services veterinarian for Merial. "We'll offer clinics materials that help educate clients about prevalence and clinical signs of Lyme disease and the importance of vaccination."

Comment:

Lyme disease is easy to prevent without chemicals and pesticides! Feed your dogs garlic and brewers yeast tablets, available at most pet stores, as directed on bottle. This will prevent most pest. Know your ticks. The black legged deer tick is the only one that carries and transmits lyme disease. If you find a deer tick on yourself or your beloved pet, do not fear! There is a very good chance it is not carrying the virus! Use a drop of Purifying essential oil near the head of the tick. Wait until it wiggles free and either save it for veterinary identification or wrap it in tissue and flush it.  Apply a drop of Purifying essential oil on the bite wound for 2 weeks and this will kill any tick borne illness as well as stop infection or itching.

Tick Identification - Preventing Lyme and Tick-borne Diseases

Written by: Linn David Haramis, Ph.D., Curt Colwell, Ph.D., Illinois Dept. of Public Health, Environmental Health Division

• Tick borne Diseases
• Lyme Disease
• Deer Tick Identification
• Deer Tick Life Cycle
• Lone Star Tick Rash (STARI)
• Tick Misidentification
• Preventing Tick Bites
• Safe Tick Removal
• Tick Management
• Tick Identification Resources

Tick-borne Diseases

Lyme Disease

Lyme Disease is caused by a bacterial spirochete carried by the blacklegged deer tick. It is the most common arthropod-borne disease in the United Stated. The risk of Lyme Disease appears to be increasing in some areas such as Illinois.

• Affects humans and dogs but not deer or rodents
• Incubation: 3 - 32 days
• Non-specific and variable symptoms
• Most cases improve, some deteriorate
• If diagnosed early, treatment with antibiotics is generally successful

Lyme Disease: Clinical Stages - First Signs

• Stage 1 - "Bulls-eye" rash in about 75% of cases, flu-like illness without cough
• Stage 2 - Affects skin, musculoskeletal, nervous system, lymph-adenopathy, heart, facial palsy and meningitis
• Stage 3 - Chronic arthritis or encephalitis

Black Legged Deer Tick Hosts

Larva: Small rodents such as the White-Footed mouse, chipmunks
Nymph: Small rodents, dogs, humans
Adult: Deer, occasionally horses and humans

Black Legged Deer Tick Life Cycle

Larvae hatch in the summer
Nymphs emerge the following spring
Adults emerge in fall, oviposit eggs in spring

Peak Tick Activity Occurs April through mid-July

Nymphs are capable of transmitting the most disease to humans during their appearance in spring and early summer. Most Lyme disease transmission to humans occurs from nymphs infected the previous season from small rodents such as the the white footed mouse.

“STARI” also known as Lone Star Tick Rash (Mimics Lyme rash)

Female & Male Lone Star Ticks

Lone Star Tick is MUCH more common in the southern 2/3 of the Southern United States. Early symptoms of STARI (Borrelia lonestari) are similar to the first symptoms of Lyme disease. The same antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease is prescribed to treat STARI.

Tick Misidentification - Black Legged Deer Tick or Lone Star Tick?

Both the stages of both tick are very similar in size and appearance.

Preventing Tick Bites

• Avoid woodlands especially in spring
• Wear light colored clothing, tuck pant legs into socks or boots
• Walk in middle of paths away from dense vegetation
• Wear repellents:

Insect repellent spray: ( For People or Pets)

Great For spraying on pet bedding, or furniture.

In 8oz Spray Bottle:

10 drops Purifying

10 drops Lavender

10 drops Peppermint

OR

2 drops Fir Needle

2 drops Eucalyptus Radiata

5-10 drops Lemongrass

Fill remainder of bottle with alcohol, Shake and Spray!

Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission

First 48 hours: Tick penetrates and prepares bite site
After 48 hours: Rapid uptake of blood

Probability of Lyme disease transmission is very low during the first 48 hours of feeding but rapidly increase after 48 hours. Always check for and remove ticks as soon as possible

Safe Tick Removal

• Use forceps or tweezers
• Grasp the tick close to the skin
• Pull out S-L-O-W-L-Y and steadily
• Do not squeeze the tick
• Use Purifying on the bite
• Wash hands