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Sleep deprivation raises heart risk in people with hypertension 11-11-08
Sleeping for less than 7.5 hours a night may increase risk of heart disease
and stroke and death in people with high blood pressure, according to a new
study released Monday.
The study of more than 1,200 Japanese men and women with high blood pressure
showed those who slept for less than 7.5 hours a night were more likely to
suffer a heart attack or stroke or die of cardiac arrest over a period of 4
years compared to those who slept for a longer time.
Higher risk was particularly significant among short sleepers who could not
lower their blood pressure overnight, which normally occurs, according to the
report published in the Nov 10 2008 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
The results of the study suggest that doctors need to ask their patients with
high blood pressure about their sleep habits and advise them to have sufficient
sleep to avoid cardiovascular events.
Dr. Kazuo Eguchi M.D., Ph.D. of Jichi Medical University in Tochigi, Japan, lead
author of the study, said doctors should identify and monitor people who are
both short sleepers and can't have their blood pressure decline overnight.
The 50-month study was based on data from 1,255 men and women aged 33 to 97 who
had high blood pressure. They monitored each participant's blood pressure
changes over a 24 hour period using portable blood pressure monitors.
During the study, 99 heart attacks, strokes or deaths from cardiac arrest were
recorded.
Overall, men and women who slept for less than 7.5 hours a night were 68 percent
more likely to have one of these cardiovascular events than those who slept for
longer periods.
"The incidence of cardiovascular disease was 2.4 per 100 person-years in
subjects with less than 7.5 hours of sleep and 1.8 per 100 person-years in
subjects with longer sleep duration," the authors wrote.
Those who had shown no decline in their blood pressure overnight were at higher
risk compared to those who had.
A much higher risk was found in those who both slept insufficiently and had an
overnight increase in blood pressure compared to those with normal sleep
duration plus no overnight increase in blood pressure. These people were four
times more likely to have heart attack, stroke, or death from cardiac arrest.
Earlier chronic sleep deprivation has been already associated with higher risk
of a number of health problems such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and
obesity.
The researchers explained that insufficient sleep leads to increased nervous
system activity, which could stress the cardiovascular system and no-dipping
overnight blood pressure has been already linked to increased nervous system
activity during the day.
They concluded "shorter duration of sleep is a predictor of incident
cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals with hypertension," particularly
in those with elevated nighttime blood pressure, the authors noted.
Sleep deprivation per se is likely to cause high blood pressure, previous
studies suggest.
An October 2007 study of 10,300 adults in the medical journal Hypertension
suggests that women age 35 to 55 who routinely sleep fewer than seven hours a
night may have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure. Women who
routinely slept for less than five hours per night had a 31 percent higher risk
compared to those who slept more than 7 hours a day. Those who slept less than 6
hours per night were 42 percent more likely to have blood pressure.
Another study of 4,810 participants age 32 to 86 published in the May 2006 issue
of hypertension suggests that long term sleep deprivation increases the risk of
hypertension. Researchers found among participants age 32 to 59, those who slept
for less than six hours a night had more than double the risk of high blood
pressure than did those who slept for more than six hours per night.
Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure, which by definition
means blood level is 140/90 mmHg or higher. In the United States, 73 million
people age 20 and older have high blood pressure and the condition killed 54,707
people in the country according to the American Heart Association.
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