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Physical activity cuts breast cancer risk 5-14-08
Women with regular physical activity are more likely to have lower risk of
breast cancer, according to a new report published in the May 12, 2008 issue of
British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The report said physical activity offered greatest benefits to postmenopausal
women and those who with normal body weight. And certain physical activities
such as recreational activity were more beneficial than others such as
work-related physical activity.
For the report, Dr. C. M. Friedenreich, from the Alberta Cancer Board in
Calgary, Canada, and Dr. A. E. Cust, from the University of Melbourne in
Australia reviewed 62 studies to examine how physical activity would affect risk
of breast cancer.
The authors found 47 studies indicated that increased physical activity cut the
risk of breast cancer by 25 to 30 percent. In 28 studies, the authors found the
risk of breast cancer varied with the intensity of physical activity with
increased activity leading to lower risk.
The types of physical activities made a difference. Activities that offered
highest levels of reduction in breast cancer risk included recreational
activity, vigorous activities, lifetime or later life activity.
Women who benefited most from physical activity included postmenopausal women,
women with a normal BMI, non-white women, and those who had no family history of
breast cancer.
Physical activity reduced risk of hormone receptor-negative tumors more
significantly than hormone receptor positive tumors.
The authors said more studies are needed to clarify the mechanism underling the
association between physical activity and reduced breast cancer risk.
The following is cited from cancer.gov regarding the association of physical
activity and breast cancer risk, updated on April 23, 2008.
How can physical activity reduce breast cancer risk?
The association of physical activity with breast cancer incidence has been
extensively studied with over 60 studies published in North America, Europe,
Asia and Australia. Most studies indicate that physically active women are at
lower risk of developing breast cancer than inactive women; however the amount
of risk reduction achieved through physical activity varies widely (between
20-80%) (6,7).
While most evidence suggests that physical activity reduces breast cancer risk
in both pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women (6), high levels of moderate and
vigorous physical activity during adolescence may be especially protective.
Although a lifetime of regular, vigorous activity is thought to be of greatest
benefit, women who increase their physical activity after menopause may also
experience a reduced risk compared to inactive women.
A number of studies also suggest that the effect of physical activity may be
different across levels of BMI, with the greatest benefit seen in women in the
normal weight range (generally a BMI under 25 kg/m-squared) in some studies.
Existing evidence shows decreasing risk of breast cancer as the frequency and
duration of physical activity increases. Most studies suggest that 30-60 minutes
per day of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity is associated with a
reduction in breast cancer risk(4, 6).
Researchers have proposed several biological mechanisms that may explain the
relationship between physical activity and breast cancer development. Physical
activity may prevent tumor development by lowering hormone levels, particularly
in premenopausal women, lowering levels of insulin and insulin-like growth
factor I (IGF-I) improving immune response, and assisting with weight
maintenance to avoid a high body mass and excess body fat (7).